What to expect for Impact Hub Seattle

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Earthquake

An intensity meter at 80.0%

What you can expect

    The most-likely scenario is a major earthquake along the Cascadia Subduction Zone and will impact the northwest coast. At this location you will feel severe shaking that lasts for minutes and can expect moderate damage (data).
  • At this shaking level, it will be hard to stand, and unsecured objects will fall. Some chimneys will crack and fail.
  • You may lose access to electricity, water, sewer, phone, and internet service for days or weeks. Some areas may be without utilities for months.

What's the worst that could happen

The worst-case scenario is a magnitude 7.0 - 7.5 earthquake along the Seattle Fault Zone. Compared to a Cascadia event, which generates deep in the crust, a quake on the Seattle fault would be much shallower (less than 25 km deep) and shake the surface more intensely.

Seattle Fault scenarios indicate that this location will feel severe shaking. It will be difficult to stand. Very heavy furniture will move and widespread damage to chimneys and homes that are not earthquake resistant. (data)

Be ready, get prepared

  • Practice what to do during an earthquake and how to prepare your home
  • Properly secure items that could fall
  • Learn where utility shut offs are and how to turn them off
  • Gather two weeks of supplies so you can be self-sufficient. Focus on storing water above all else. The entire region will be experiencing issues, and outside help will be slow to arrive
  • Make emergency plans so you can find your loved ones if you are separated (this includes animals)
  • Sign up for ShakeAlert, a newly released app that will notify you when an earthquake strikes. ALERT King County and AlertSeattle are also great resources to stay informed of important local emergency information.

    • What you can expect

      The most-likely scenario is a major earthquake along the Cascadia Subduction Zone and will impact the northwest coast. At this location you will feel severe shaking that lasts for minutes and can expect moderate damage (data).
    • At this shaking level, it will be hard to stand, and unsecured objects will fall. Some chimneys will crack and fail.
    • You may lose access to electricity, water, sewer, phone, and internet service for days or weeks. Some areas may be without utilities for months.

    What's the worst that could happen

    The worst-case scenario is a magnitude 7.0 - 7.5 earthquake along the Seattle Fault Zone. Compared to a Cascadia event, which generates deep in the crust, a quake on the Seattle fault would be much shallower (less than 25 km deep) and shake the surface more intensely.

    Seattle Fault scenarios indicate that this location will feel severe shaking. It will be difficult to stand. Very heavy furniture will move and widespread damage to chimneys and homes that are not earthquake resistant. (data)

    Be ready, get prepared

  • Practice what to do during an earthquake and how to prepare your home
  • Properly secure items that could fall
  • Learn where utility shut offs are and how to turn them off
  • Gather two weeks of supplies so you can be self-sufficient. Focus on storing water above all else. The entire region will be experiencing issues, and outside help will be slow to arrive
  • Make emergency plans so you can find your loved ones if you are separated (this includes animals)
  • Sign up for ShakeAlert, a newly released app that will notify you when an earthquake strikes. ALERT King County and AlertSeattle are also great resources to stay informed of important local emergency information.

    • click to display more information
    Other important details for your location

    This area is at high risk for liquefaction. During an earthquake, the ground could become soft and wet. This will reduce its ability to support homes, vehicles, and other structures. Sand-filled water may come up through cracks in the streets. (data)

    Based on simulations, this area is not in the Tsunami hazard zone(data). When you visit the coastlines, make sure you're ready for an earthquake and tsunami. Be familiar with local tsunami evacuation routes and have a portable emergency kit with you.

    According to simulations, a Cascadia quake will displace between 1 and 50 households in your census block. Visit the Department of Natural Resources Information Portal to see how other areas will be impacted. (Select 'Seismic Scenario' > 'Cascadia'>'Displaced Households').

    Very high density of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings : 100 to 250 per square mile.
    If you are in a URM during an earthquake Drop, Cover, and Hold On. In these buildings strong earthquake shaking will cause brick walls and roofs to fail. Debris will litter the streets. See where the URMs are nearest you and if they've been retrofitted. (map)

    Climate Outlook: Earthquake processes are not controlled by climate. Earthquakes in the region are controlled by faults and tectonic movement.

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    What is liquefaction?

    A phenomenon where earthquake shaking causes loosely-packed and water-logged soil to lose cohesion and "liquefy." During shaking, the ground acts like quicksand and no longer supports object like cars or buildings.

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    During an earthquake

    Indoors? Stay there. Take cover under a sturdy desk or table away from objects that could fall on you and hold on. DON'T run outside before shaking stops.

    Outside? Get into the open. Move away from buildings, power lines, chimneys, or things that could fall on you.

    Driving? Carefully stop. Make sure you are not under a bridge, overpass, power lines, etc. and stay inside the vehicle.

    Learn more about what to do in specific situations.

    Certain types of buildings will experience more damage than others (Learn about MMI 8 shaking level).

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    Practice now so you'll be ready later.

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    Past earthquakes in King County

    Due to its geology, the Pacific Northwest is prone to earthquakes. Since 1870, fifteen large earthquakes (greater than magnitude 5) have hit Washington State causing significant impacts.

    The last damaging quake was in 2001 when the Nisqually earthquake hit. People felt strong shaking at this location. Learn more about historic quakes and their regional impacts.

    Shortly before noon on Wednesday, April 13, 1949, a magnitdue 7.1 earthquake rocked the area from British Columbia to Oregon and caused extensive damage. Seven people died and at least 64 were injured. This photo shows damage in Pioneer Square at the Seattle Hotel at 1st and Yesler Way. (credit: MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection)
    This photo shows people standing outside the Busy Bee Cafe looking at the crushed cars and fallen brick on 2nd Ave. The brick fell from the top of the Hotel Seattle after the April 13, 1949 earthquake, which registered 7.1 on the Richter Scale. (credit: MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection)
    In this photo, visitors to Green Lake Park have parked their bicycles as they look at the cracks made by the April 1949 magnitude 7.1 earthquake. Much of the land along the southwestern part of the lake cracked and subsided. (credit: MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection)
    The Bemis Bag Company factory in Seattle, shown here, was damaged significantly in the 1949 M7.1 earthquake that rocked the region. It is located just south of the downtown business district. (credit: MOHAI)
    The Nisqually earthquake on Feb. 28, 2001, caused damage in Pioneer Square, including to this vehicle on Second Avenue and South Jackson that was showered with bricks. (Greg Gilbert/The Seattle Times)
    This photo shows fallen bricks and damage caused by the 1949 magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit the region. This is along 2nd avenue in downtown Seattle. (credit: MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection)
    The quake caused a mudslide that flowed into the Cedar River in Renton’s Maple Valley, creating a dam and flood, and shifted a truck that nearly reached a house. (Tom Reese/The Seattle Times)
    A plane takes off from Boeing Field as a crew stands on the runway assessing the damage and discusses the repair of the cracks caused by the earthquake. (Ellen M. Banner/The Seattle Times)
    A magnitude 6.5 hit the region in 1965 damaging many buildings. This photo shows bricks fallen from the damaged Fisher Flour Mill onto a nearby car. (credit: MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection)
    This photo shows a crack that developed along Spokane Street in Seattle. It was caused from a magnitude 7.1 earthquake that hit the region in 1949. (credit: MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection)
    This photo shows earthquake damage at Union Station in Seattle. This was following a magnitude 6.5 earthquake that struck the region in 1965. (credit:MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection)
    After the earthquake destroyed the outside wall of their architecture office in Pioneer Square, a couple finish removing items from the debris. (Tom Reese/The Seattle Times)
    There was a lot of cleanup to do at this Pioneer Square grocery store after the 6.8 earthquake shook goods off the shelves. (Alan Berner/The Seattle Times)
    Earthquake damage to a Seattle warehouse from 1949 M7.1 earthquake. (credit: MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection)
    A landslide caused by an earthquake fatally injured one person. (OSU)
    Repairing a damaged building after an earthquake. (The Oregonian)
    A car crushed by bricks that fell after an earthquake. (OSU)
    A newspaper headline after an earthquake.(The Oregonian)
    Earthquake aftermath in a grocery store. (Oregon Live)

    Flood

    What you can expect

    This area is outside the mapped high-risk flood areas (data) However, if you live near a creek or small river be aware that they can flood. To learn more, visit King County's flood warnings and alerts page or download the flood alert app on your smart phone.

    What's the worst that could happen

    In the event of major flooding, this area may not be flooded, but areas nearby will be. This could impact travel and services until the flood subsides.

    Be ready, get prepared

    What you can expect

    This area is outside the mapped high-risk flood areas (data) However, if you live near a creek or small river be aware that they can flood. To learn more, visit King County's flood warnings and alerts page or download the flood alert app on your smart phone.

    What's the worst that could happen

    In the event of major flooding, this area may not be flooded, but areas nearby will be. This could impact travel and services until the flood subsides.

    Be ready, get prepared

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    Other important details for your location

    This location is outside the mapped channel migration zone and has low to no risk of river erosion. However during floods, local rivers may erode roadways or bridges impacting travel.

    During a flood, King County has a number of sandbag distribution locations for homeowners to take advantage of. Find the closest one near you.

    Climate Outlook: According to researchers at the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group climate change is projected to, "lead to an increase in flooding in many Pacific Northwest watersheds." (source)

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    Why do rivers change shape over time?

    A combination of erosion, deposition and changing water levels can cause rivers banks to relocate over time sometimes in a matter of days when major flooding happens.

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    During a flood

    Get ready. Gather emergency items (warm clothes, flashlight, cell phone, portable radio, etc.). If time permits and you think your house could flood, shut off utilities.

    Stay clear of flood waters. Do not walk or drive through floodwaters. It only takes 6 inches of moving water to knock you down and 2 feet to sweep a car away!

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    Flood Safety

    Learn more about what to do and not do when flooding is happening.

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    Past floods in the region

    With the many rivers in King County, flooding is common during periods of heavy rainfall or rapid snowmelt. Flooding is most common from November to February, but can happen whenever the conditions are right. To find out more about where has flooded in the past visit the historical flood photos page and interactive map

    This photo gives an aerial view of the flooded town of Orillia, near Renton. Over a week of heavy rains in mid-December 1933 caused mudslides and flooding throughout western Washington state. On December 10, the Seattle Times reported that all area rivers were near flood stage. The Duwamish, Green, and White Rivers had overflowed their banks, flooding towns throughout the valley. (credit: MOHAI, PEMCO Webster & Stevens Collection)
    Late in 1914, workers for Seattle City Light completed a masonry dam and reservoir at Cedar Lake, on the Cedar River. Unfortunately, the soil on one side of the lake was very porous, and the reservoir did not hold water well. Within months, the water table rose in the nearby town of Cedar Falls. This 1915 photographic postcard shows Rattlesnake Lake flooding the original town of Cedar Falls, Washington. (credit: MOHAI)
    Heavy rains in November and December 1960 caused serious flooding along western Washington's many rivers. Along Jones Road, east of Renton, the flood waters of the Cedar River destroyed earlier flood control structures and nearly washed away the Lund home. After decades of serious flooding along the Cedar and other King County rivers, voters approved major flood control bond issues in 1960 and 1964. (credit: MOHAI)
    In mid-April 1938, heavy rains caused flooding near Kent and Auburn, and throughout the Green River Valley. In this photo workers pile sandbags along the edges of a flooding road in the Green River Valley. The photo was taken looking east on S. 259th, one block east of Highway 167. The Green River is located about 500 feet to the right. (credit: MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection)
    The White and Green Rivers flooded almost every year. In November 1906, over 50 square miles of land between Tacoma and Seattle were under water. This photo shows the White River flood in O'Brien (near Kent) during the winter of 1906-1907. A group of men stands outside the bar on the wooden sidewalk. One has brought his small boat up to the edge of the walk. (credit: MOHAI)
    During some western Washington winters, heavy rains and melting snow cause widespread flooding in the river valleys. In this January 1946 photo, the White River has overflowed its banks and flooded the town of Thomas, near Kent. The view looks east on what is now the S277th valley bypass. (credit: MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection)
    Flooding was a serious problem in Kent since its founding in pioneer days. Until a dam was built in the 1950s, the Green River flooded almost every winter. Water covered farms and washed away roads and bridges. This photo shows people leaving a flooded house near Kent during a Green River Flood in 1938. (credit: MOHAI)
    This photo shows a father (Carl Elliott) carrying his daughter (Carola Elliott) through floodwaters in Earlington, near Renton, in 1947. (credit: MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection)
    The Northeast 124th Street bridge at West Snoqualmie Valley Road east of Redmond is washed out during flooding Wednesday. (Ken Lambert / The Seattle Times)
    A man surveys the flooded scene Wednesday along Northeast 124th Street at West Snoqualmie Valley Road, east of Redmond. (Ken Lambert/The Seattle Times)
    A flooded road off Highway 203 near Duvall on Wednesday. (Ken Lambert / The Seattle Times)

    Landslides

    What you can expect

    Low risk for landslides. It is unlikely that you will see landsliding here as the slopes are mostly shallow. Be aware that the landslide inventory varies greatly across the region. Some areas are better studied than others. (data)

    What's the worst that could happen

    This area is not prone to slides, but areas on your way to work or where you recreate could be. If a landslide happens nearby, roads could washout and impact travel. Pay attention to conditions and keep an eye out for unstable areas near you. (data)

    Be ready, get prepared

    • Learn more about simple actions you can take to reduce your landslide risk by reading this short and informative Homeowner's Guide to Landslides for OR and WA.
    • Find out what to look for. Cracks in soil, tilted or bent trees, increased spring activity or newly wet ground, uneven terrain, sagging or taut utility lines, sunken or broken road beds, movement of soil away from foundations,and leaking or broken water pipes can all be signs of landsliding.
    • Gather two weeks of supplies so you can be self-sufficient.
    • Have a family (adults & kids) communication plan
    • Assemble an emergency kit (even if it’s not complete, every item will help)
    • Sign up for ALERT King County and AlertSeattle to stay informed of important emergency information.

    What you can expect

    Low risk for landslides. It is unlikely that you will see landsliding here as the slopes are mostly shallow. Be aware that the landslide inventory varies greatly across the region. Some areas are better studied than others. (data)

    What's the worst that could happen

    This area is not prone to slides, but areas on your way to work or where you recreate could be. If a landslide happens nearby, roads could washout and impact travel. Pay attention to conditions and keep an eye out for unstable areas near you. (data)

    Be ready, get prepared

    • Learn more about simple actions you can take to reduce your landslide risk by reading this short and informative Homeowner's Guide to Landslides for OR and WA.
    • Find out what to look for. Cracks in soil, tilted or bent trees, increased spring activity or newly wet ground, uneven terrain, sagging or taut utility lines, sunken or broken road beds, movement of soil away from foundations,and leaking or broken water pipes can all be signs of landsliding.
    • Gather two weeks of supplies so you can be self-sufficient.
    • Have a family (adults & kids) communication plan
    • Assemble an emergency kit (even if it’s not complete, every item will help)
    • Sign up for ALERT King County and AlertSeattle to stay informed of important emergency information.

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    Other important details for your location

    Data shows no record of a landslide at this location. (data)

    Check out this map showing where slides are likely and have already happened throughout Washington State.

    An outline of Washington State in purple with the text natural hazards overlaid on top

    Click on this image to find out where slides have been recorded in Washington State.

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    During a landslide

    If you see signs of a landslide or expect one might happen, leave the area immediately. Depending on where you are, authorities recommend getting to higher ground to avoid the slide.

    If a landslide is active DO NOT try to outrun it. Shelter in place, curl into a tight ball and protect your head.

    After evacuating and if the landslide threatens peoples' safety, call 9-1-1.

    Learn more by visiting King County’s landslide information page.

    A small landslide has toppled trees and is blocking a roadway in Enumclaw. It appears to be raining with some snow still on the hillside.

    Landslides occur at all scales and can have varied impacts to communities living in slide-prone areas

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    Past landslides in Washington

    The WA Department of Natural Resources notes that, "Washington is one of the most landslide-prone states in the country, with hundreds to thousands of events each year." Landslides in the state have led to loss of life, loss of property, road closures, and cost upwards of 15 million dollars each year. Learn more by visiting the WADNR landslide page.

    In February 1934, a sudden landslide blocked Westlake Avenue near McGraw Street with tons of mud, brush and trees. At the same time, part of the north end of Perkins Lane was slipping downwards at the rate of several inches per day. Over near West Seattle's Beach Drive, tons of mud kept oozing downwards, threatening several abandoned homes on Atlas Street . This photo shows a Seattle-area home sliding downhill as the side of the hill gives way. (credit: MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection)
    A landslide with trees and mud crosses the Snoqualmie Valley trail blocking access. A man in a reflective jacket and hard hat observes the landslide from afar. Wet conditions and steep slopes create ideal conditions for landsliding. Smaller landslides like this one along the Snoqualmie Valley Trail are common each fall and winter.
    In December 1921, torrential rains caused train wrecks, washed out bridges, and flooded Seattle streets and neighborhoods.Three people were buried under this slide in West Seattle when their house was swept away by a landslide. (credit: MOHAI, PEMCO Webster & Stevens Collection)
    Some of Seattle's hills are unstable, and landslides have always been common in certain areas during rainy weather. This photo shows a 1948 slide on a hill in West Seattle with homes in front. (credit: MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection)
    Landslides have always been common in certain areas during rainy weather. This photo shows a 1948 slide on a hill in West Seattle with homes below. (credit: MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection)
    This photo shows a house damaged in a 1950 slide on Beacon Hill. (MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection)

    Wildfire

    What you can expect

    This area is classified as "nonburnable" and is unlikely to see wildfire. (data) However you could be impacted by wildfire smoke here. Poor air quality can have major impacts on those with asthma, young children, and older people. Take precautions to reduce smoke risks.

    What's the worst that could happen

    Given the low wildfire hazard potential it is unlikely a wildfire will happen here. However wildfire smoke can be blown in from nearby or far away places and impact this area for days to weeks. Wildfire smoke can make people sick and exposure should be limited or avoided.

    Be ready, get prepared

  • Prevent wildfires. Did you know humans cause ~90% of wildfires? Be aware of the conditions and look up the current burn restrictions for your area.
  • Clear space around your home. Remove flammable items away from your home and plant fire resistant shrubs, trees, and flowers. Learn more about how to prepare your home and fire-resistant plants.
  • Got Pets? License and microchip your pet so you can find them after a disaster.
  • Gather two weeks of supplies so you can be self-sufficient.
  • Have a family (adults & kids) communication plan
  • Assemble an emergency kit (even if it’s not complete, every item will help)
  • Sign up for ALERT King County and AlertSeattle to stay informed of important emergency information.

    • What you can expect

    This area is classified as "nonburnable" and is unlikely to see wildfire. (data) However you could be impacted by wildfire smoke here. Poor air quality can have major impacts on those with asthma, young children, and older people. Take precautions to reduce smoke risks.

    What's the worst that could happen

    Given the low wildfire hazard potential it is unlikely a wildfire will happen here. However wildfire smoke can be blown in from nearby or far away places and impact this area for days to weeks. Wildfire smoke can make people sick and exposure should be limited or avoided.

    Be ready, get prepared

  • Prevent wildfires. Did you know humans cause ~90% of wildfires? Be aware of the conditions and look up the current burn restrictions for your area.
  • Clear space around your home. Remove flammable items away from your home and plant fire resistant shrubs, trees, and flowers. Learn more about how to prepare your home and fire-resistant plants.
  • Got Pets? License and microchip your pet so you can find them after a disaster.
  • Gather two weeks of supplies so you can be self-sufficient.
  • Have a family (adults & kids) communication plan
  • Assemble an emergency kit (even if it’s not complete, every item will help)
  • Sign up for ALERT King County and AlertSeattle to stay informed of important emergency information.

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    Other important details for your location

    Climate outlook: drier summers will increase the chance of wildfires, smoke, and lengthen the fire season.

    Before a wildfire, it is a good idea to get relevant documents and a kit ready. Learn more about what materials to gather using this printable check sheet.

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    During a wildfire

    Gather important items. Have documents (e.g. birth certificates, car titles, photos, etc.) in a "go-bag" by the door.

    Be aware of “Red Flag Warnings” which mean critical fire weather conditions are occurring or imminent.

    Follow evacuation orders. Learn about the "Ready-Set-Go!" evacuation messaging.

    • Ready: Get Ready to Evacuate
    • Set: A Wildfire is Threaning a Community
    • GO!: Evacuate Now

    Pay attention to where active fires are and follow recommendations of local authorities.

    Check air quality. If air quality is poor, follow recommended activity levels and check-in on neighbors who may be more susceptible to breathing issues.

    A handout titled "Wildfire Smoke is Toxic. Protect your health" 4 images have 1 message per slide. 1. Check outdoor air quality, 2. limit outdoor activity, 3. Keep indoor air clean, 4. Concerns? Contact your health provider. BY Seattle and King County Public Health

    Know What to Do to Protect Your Health

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    Past wildfires in the region

    Despite Western Washington's reputation for wet weather, wildfires have impacted the region when conditions are right. Watch a video about wildfires west of the Cascades. Examples of major fires that hit the region include:

    • Forest Fires of 1922: King County
    • 2017 Norse Peak Fire: Yakima and Pierce County - 56,000 acres (87.5 sq. mi.)
    • 2020 Labor Day Fires: Western OR and WA - 530,000 acres (828 sq. mi.)
    • 2022 Bolt Creek Fire: NE King County - 14,700 acres (22.9 sq mi)

    Read more about historic fires in the King County Wildfire Strategy Report (see page 25).

    This photo shows the hills on fire with a man and water bucket in the center. This photo was taken in 1926. (credit: MOHAI, PEMCO Webster & Stevens Collection)

    Volcano

    An intensity meter at 50.0%

    What you can expect

    You are in the Mount Rainier volcanic ashfall zone(data). Mount Rainier is the closest active volcano to King County. There is no way to predict exactly when it will erupt, but it could be within your lifetime.

    What's the worst that could happen

    This area could be covered in ash. Volcanic eruptions often spew ash into the atmosphere more than 30,000 feet! The direction and speed of wind will determine where the ash is deposited. Take precautions to avoid inhaling ash and to protect your property. (data)

    Be ready, get prepared

    • Learn about volcanic hazards. Find out more about which volcanoes are near you and the major hazards associated with volcanoes (aka lahars, pyroclastic flows, and ash fall).
    • Visit a volcano. Take a drive with friends or family to the visitor center at Mount Rainier's. At this center you can learn more about how volcanoes are formed and sprinkle neat volcano facts into your next conversation. They'll lava it.
    • Gather two weeks of supplies so you can be self-sufficient.
    • Have a family (adults & kids) communication plan
    • Assemble an emergency kit (even if it’s not complete, every item will help)
    • Sign up for ALERT King County and AlertSeattle to stay informed of important emergency information.

    What you can expect

    You are in the Mount Rainier volcanic ashfall zone(data). Mount Rainier is the closest active volcano to King County. There is no way to predict exactly when it will erupt, but it could be within your lifetime.

    What's the worst that could happen

    This area could be covered in ash. Volcanic eruptions often spew ash into the atmosphere more than 30,000 feet! The direction and speed of wind will determine where the ash is deposited. Take precautions to avoid inhaling ash and to protect your property. (data)

    Be ready, get prepared

    • Learn about volcanic hazards. Find out more about which volcanoes are near you and the major hazards associated with volcanoes (aka lahars, pyroclastic flows, and ash fall).
    • Visit a volcano. Take a drive with friends or family to the visitor center at Mount Rainier's. At this center you can learn more about how volcanoes are formed and sprinkle neat volcano facts into your next conversation. They'll lava it.
    • Gather two weeks of supplies so you can be self-sufficient.
    • Have a family (adults & kids) communication plan
    • Assemble an emergency kit (even if it’s not complete, every item will help)
    • Sign up for ALERT King County and AlertSeattle to stay informed of important emergency information.

    click to display more information
    Other important details for your location

    Volcanoes typically provide warning signals days to months before they erupt. Gas and earthquake activity increases and the ground surface swells as magma moves beneath it. Though these signs may be imperceptible to the general public, Mount Rainier is monitored continuously by scientists with the USGS Volcano Hazards Program.

    Volcanologists (a.k.a. volcano scientists) have instruments on all the nearby volcanoes. Volcanologists monitor the volcanoes 24/7 for volcanic gas emissions, earthquakes, deformation (how the ground changes shape as magma moves beneath it). Learn more.

    The Cascade Volcano Observatory updates their website frequently to provide regional volcanic activity and will have information in the event of a possible eruption.

    Climate outlook: Volcanic processes are not controlled by climate. Cascade Volcanoes and their eruptions will not be affected by climate change.

    Click to play this video
    Click to play this video

    How does the Cascades Volcano Observatory measure volcanic activity?

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    During a volcanic eruption

    In a lahar zone? Get to higher ground immediately. Lahars can travel quickly and are full of large boulders, trees, and other debris. You don't want to be anywhere near them.

    Outdoors? Find shelter from ashfall. Cover your mouth, nose, and body to avoid irritation. Protect animals and machinery by bringing them inside or in a covered area. Keep vehicle engines off to avoid damage from ash congestion.

    Indoors? Stay there. Keep home doors and vents closed and stay indoors, unless directed otherwise. Place damp towels around doors and tape drafty windows.

    Cascade Volcanoes

    Active volcanoes stretch from British Columbia to Northern California. Eight are considered very high threat. Learn more.

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    Past eruptions in the Pacific Northwest

    Volcanic eruptions in the Cascade Range have happened about 2-3 times every 100 years. The last eruption occurred on May 18, 1980 at Mount St. Helens (about 50 miles NE of Portland, OR).

    Volcanic hazards from the 1980 eruption killed 57 people, about 7,000 big game animals, and 12 million fish in hatcheries. The lahars destroyed 27 bridges and about 200 homes. The Mount Saint Helens eruption was the most expensive in U.S. history costing ~$1 billion in damages. Volcanic ash blanketed nearby regions disrupting thousands of households for many months. (source: USGS)

    During the first week of September, 2012, scientists completed scheduled maintenance at five volcano monitoring stations between 7,000 and 11,000 feet on Mount Rainier. Work was completed by staff from the USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory and Pacific Northwest Seismic Network, with strong support from Mount Rainier National Park. The stations provide continuous data streams that are critical for detecting signs of unrest at Mount Rainier. (USGS)
    Lahar (dark deposit on the snow) originating in the MountSt. Helens Crater after an explosive eruption 1982. The lahar flowed from the crater into the north fork of the Toutle River and eventually reached the Cowlitz River 80km (50mi) downstream.
    Three days after the May 18, 1980 eruption crews and and equipment began arriving in Yakima to help remove the ash. Here graders scrape the ash from the east end of the Yakima airport. (Yakima Herald-Republic File)
    This photo shows the summit of Mount Rainier viewed toward the southwest. The dashed red lines trace the 5,000 year old Osceola collapse crater now mostly filled in with lava flows. (USGS)
    The slope on the right shows a deposit of rocks, sand, mud, and other materials carried 31 miles from Mount Rainier during the Osceola Mudflow. This deposit is about 26 feet thick! (USGS)
    This photo shows a debris flow deposit along Tahoma Creek. The original depth of flow can be seen by the mud markings on the trees.(USGS)
    Newer solar panels replaced older ones on Mount Rainier to help power monitoring stations. (USGS)
    This aerial photo was taken of the summit and crater atop Mount Rainier. (USGS)
    This aerial photo was taken of the summit and crater atop Mount Rainier. (USGS)
    Mount Saint Helens and Mount Rainier looking north. (USGS)
    Volcano evacuation sign along a Washington road.(USGS)
    Photo courtesy of Jeanne Richardson
    Moscow/Pullman Daily News

    Winter Weather

    Please note: Because weather hazards change daily, this section contains a region-wide report. To view real-time weather and hazards for a specific location, visit the National Weather Service website. All non-weather sections have information specific to the location you searched.

    What you can expect

    Winters in King County are fairly mild. You can expect lots of clouds and rain, which makes a rain jacket and boots nice items to have. Daytime temperatures range from the 40s to the 50s and fall into the 30s at night. Occasionally cold spells will hit the region with temperatures below freezing. You might see a few days of snow, with accumulation less than 2 inches on average.

    What's the worst that could happen

    You could see temperatures that dip below freezing and stay there for days or weeks. Snowfall could blanket the region. The combination of many hills and heavy snow will result in icy streets and make it hard for you to travel. Utilities and public transportation could be down or affected and schools may close.

    Be ready, get prepared

    What you can expect

    Winters in King County are fairly mild. You can expect lots of clouds and rain, which makes a rain jacket and boots nice items to have. Daytime temperatures range from the 40s to the 50s and fall into the 30s at night. Occasionally cold spells will hit the region with temperatures below freezing. You might see a few days of snow, with accumulation less than 2 inches on average.

    What's the worst that could happen

    You could see temperatures that dip below freezing and stay there for days or weeks. Snowfall could blanket the region. The combination of many hills and heavy snow will result in icy streets and make it hard for you to travel. Utilities and public transportation could be down or affected and schools may close.

    Be ready, get prepared

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    Other important details for your location

    Curious which roads will be cleared first? Check out King County's map of priority plow areas.

    For more info on how to prepare for snowy conditions visit the winter weather page.

    Climate Outlook: Snowpack is expected to decrease by 55% between the early 2000s and 2080s. More precipitation will fall as rain which will prevents storage of water in snow for summer agriculture and human use (source).

    An icon of a storm cloud with a lightning bolt, snow, and rain coming from it.

    Winter weather preparedness tips and resources

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    During a winter storm

    Avoid travel. You may drive well in the snow, but others may not. Getting in a wreck is not a fun way to spend a snow day.

    Stay Safe. Watch for signs and symptoms of cold related illness.

    Stuck at home? Take this opportunity to support local businesses within walking distance.

    Check on your neighbors. Some of your neighbors may have difficulty getting around during bad weather. Check in to make sure they have everything they need to weather the storm.

    Shovel those sidewalks. Soon after a snow storm, clear the snow and ice from sidewalks that border your residence. This ensures that pedestrians won't slip and hurt themselves.

    A cartoon of a man and a child bundled in winter clothes stand in from of a house and driveway with shovels.

    Learn more about what you can do to keep others safe when winter weather hits

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    Past winter storms in the region

    Snow and ice storms don’t hit this region very often, but when they do, conditions can be intense. In December 2021, temperatures dipped to a daily record low of 17 degrees (NWS) and in February of 2019 "Snowmaggedon" hit and broke 50 year snow records. In 1950, "Seattle recorded nine days of temperatures below ten degrees between January 12 and February 4, 1950"(Seattle P.I.). During this time almost 2 feet of snow was recorded at Sea-Tac International Airport and Elliot Bay partially froze Brrrr!

    Record low temperatures and heavy snow plagued the Seattle area during the winter of 1950. On Friday January 13, downtown Seattle received an average of ten inches of snow, with Sea-Tac airport reporting 21.4 inches, just shy of a 24-hour snowfall record. Although the snow let up on Saturday, the cold temperatures persisted for several more days. Seattle recorded nine days of temperatures below ten degrees between January 12 and February 4, 1950. (MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection
    Over five feet of snow fell on Seattle in early January 1880. The city wasn't used to such heavy snow. Schools closed, trains didn't run, and the city's activities ground to a halt . This photo was taken on January 10th, 1880 after the great snow. It shows the view up Cherry Street from First Avenue towards First Hill. (MOHAI, PEMCO Webster & Stevens Collection)
    Seattle doesn't usually get hit by big snowstorms, but when deep snow falls, cars stay off the streets and children rush for their sleds. In this photo, taken in 1937, a group of children pull their sleds up Eleventh East in the Roanoke district on Capitol Hill. The hill was known as "Devil's Dip" among locals in the area. (MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection)
    In this photo, workers clear snow off the railroad tracks south of King Street station. Record low temperatures and heavy snow plagued the Seattle area during the winter of 1950. Seattle recorded nine days of temperatures below ten degrees between January 12 and February 4, 1950. (MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection)
    Passengers help driver Kim Cranford move her car through heavy slush onto Bothell Way at 61st Avenue N.E. in Kenmore on Dec. 29, 1996. (Mike Siegel / The Seattle Times)
    This view taken during the big snow storm of 1916 looks west on Pike Street from 3rd Avenue. (MOHAI, PEMCO Webster & Stevens Collection)
    During a 1955 snowstorm in Seattle a boy puts on tire chains for one dollar. (MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection)

    Summer Weather

    Please note: Because weather hazards change daily, this section contains a region-wide report. To view real-time weather and hazards for a specific location, visit the National Weather Service website. All non-weather sections have information specific to the location you searched.

    What you can expect

    Summers in King County are nice. From June through August you can expect daytime temperatures to range from the mid-70s to low-80s*. In the evenings the temperatures dip down to the mid to high-50s. It is common to get a few days above 90 degrees and sometimes reach triple digits. Heat waves and thunderstorms do happen though and can be dangerous. *temperatures are in Fahrenheit.

    What's the worst that could happen

    Summer hazards in your area include heat waves, thunderstorms, and smoke from wildfires. In July and August, you may experience heat waves with multiple days above 90 degrees. Though summer thunderstorms are rare, they do happen and may produce lightning, strong winds, and damaging hail. Smoke from nearby fires could blanket the area making visibility and air quality and poor for days to weeks.

    On average, your location is cooler than other parts of Seattle according to a heat mapping study completed in 2020 (Source).

    Be ready, get prepared

    • Learn more about King County's recommendations for staying cool and safe during hot weather.
    • Do you know the signs of heat exhaustion and heat stroke? Elderly people, kids, and pets are extra sensitive to these illnesses during times of prolonged heat.
    • Bookmark mobile.weather.gov to make sure that you have the latest weather news and information on the go.
    • Gather two weeks of supplies so you can be self-sufficient.
    • Have a family (adults & kids) communication plan
    • Assemble an emergency kit (even if it’s not complete, every item will help)
    • Sign up for ALERT King County and AlertSeattle to stay informed of important emergency information.

    What you can expect

    Summers in King County are nice. From June through August you can expect daytime temperatures to range from the mid-70s to low-80s*. In the evenings the temperatures dip down to the mid to high-50s. It is common to get a few days above 90 degrees and sometimes reach triple digits. Heat waves and thunderstorms do happen though and can be dangerous. *temperatures are in Fahrenheit.

    What's the worst that could happen

    Summer hazards in your area include heat waves, thunderstorms, and smoke from wildfires. In July and August, you may experience heat waves with multiple days above 90 degrees. Though summer thunderstorms are rare, they do happen and may produce lightning, strong winds, and damaging hail. Smoke from nearby fires could blanket the area making visibility and air quality and poor for days to weeks.

    On average, your location is cooler than other parts of Seattle according to a heat mapping study completed in 2020 (Source).

    Be ready, get prepared

    • Learn more about King County's recommendations for staying cool and safe during hot weather.
    • Do you know the signs of heat exhaustion and heat stroke? Elderly people, kids, and pets are extra sensitive to these illnesses during times of prolonged heat.
    • Bookmark mobile.weather.gov to make sure that you have the latest weather news and information on the go.
    • Gather two weeks of supplies so you can be self-sufficient.
    • Have a family (adults & kids) communication plan
    • Assemble an emergency kit (even if it’s not complete, every item will help)
    • Sign up for ALERT King County and AlertSeattle to stay informed of important emergency information.

    click to display more information
    Other important details for your location

    Check air quality. If air quality is poor, follow recommended activity levels and check-in on neighbors who may be more susceptible to breathing issues.

    No air conditioning during a heat wave? Visit King County's emergency blog which will be updated during emergencies to include locations of cooling centers and other tips to stay safe.

    Climate Outlook: Air temperatures are already increasing. By the 2050s temperatures are projected to increase by 5.5 degrees on average. These increases will impact vulnerable populations and lead to more heat-related illness and death (source).

    Side by side images of temperature distribution on wester King County. Left panel has afternoon results and right panel has evening study results. South Seattle near Auburn and Kent are the hottest areas in the area reaching 96 degrees.

    Heat study results from a 2020 study show that heat is not evenly distributed in the region and can have varied heat impacts

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    During a heat wave

    Drink more water than you think. Don't wait until you're thirsty because thirst means you are already dehydrated. It's also a good idea to limit caffeine, alcohol, and sugary drinks as they can dehydrate you.

    Wear lightweight, light-colored, loose-fitting clothing. A wide brimmed hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen will help too.

    Keep cool by staying indoors and in the shade during peak heat. Doing so will give your body a break from regulating your temperature.

    Check on at-risk family, friends, and neighbors often. People who are 65 and older and kids who are under 2 are at highest risk for heat-related illness. It's also a good idea to keep kids and pets outside of hot cars.

    On hot days in King County, many more people have serious health problems. Heat illnesses: if someone can't cool down quickly enough, they can get heat exhaustion. They might feel muscle cramps, dizziness or weakness, or headache.They might experience nausea and vomiting. If you have symptoms, move to a cooler place, put your feet up, and drink water. Heat stroke is very serious and can be deadly unless treated immedately. Watch for extremely high temperature, red, hot and dry skin, rapid, strong heatbeat, or mental confusion and unconsciousness. If someone has the symptoms of heat stroke, call 911! Move the person to a cooler place immediately. Some people are at greater risk for heart problems, stroke, and kidney failure when it's hot. These are the most common health problems on hot days! It's harder to adjust to heat once you're over 65. Working outside can put you at risk. Diabetes can make it more difficult for your body to cool down; track your blood sugar levels closely on hot days if you have it. Certain medications can make you more sensitive to heat; talk to your doctor or clinician about whether your medications or health conditions put you at greater risk in the heat.

    Know the Signs of Heat Illnesses

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    Past summer events in the region

    Summer days in King County can get hot and stay hot for weeks. In July of 2015, temperatures stayed above 80 degrees for 15 days straight and in 2022 temperatures were above 90 degrees for 6 days straight. The highest temp recorded was 107 degrees in 2021 - yikes!(source: NWS)

    Seattleites looking for a place to cool down could also go to West Seattle beaches. In this 1911 photo, women and girls wade in the shallow water on a calm summer day, while others watch from the pier. Some of the girls are wearing their play clothes in the water. At this time, women wore bathing dresses which covered most of their bodies. (MOHAI, PEMCO Webster & Stevens Collection)
    Man shows that people in Seattle don’t just need umbrellas during the rainy season as he stands under his for shade from the sun on July 1, 2015. (Ted S. Warren / Associated Press)
    Children run through the water on a hot summer day at the International Fountain at Seattle Center on July 28, 2016. (Sophia Nahli Allison/The Seattle Times)
    In this 1958 photo, children and adults stay cool by swimming at Lake Sammamish in Bellevue, Washington. (MOHAI, Seattle PI Collection.)